ES16.04 Molecular Biology of Radiation Toxicity

Molecular Radiation Biology

The study of the biological effects of radiation began soon after the discovery of X-rays at the turn of this century. In 1946, Lee, and in 1947, TomefeeffRessovsky and Zimmer published books in which they expounded a general theory for the action of radiations, called the "target theory." It was hoped that this theory would elucidate the actions of radiations on cells and biological molecules,...

Molecular Pathogenesis of Radiation-Induced Cell Toxicity in Stem Cells

Radiation therapy is an effective cancer therapy, but damage to normal tissues surrounding the tumor due to radiotherapy causes severe complications. The importance of the therapeutic area between tumor suppression and normal tissue injury has long been highlighted in radiation therapy. Recent advances in stem cell biology have shown that stem cell (SC) responses to genotoxic stresses of ionizi...

Molecular biology: the key to personalised treatment in radiation oncology?

We know considerably more about what makes cells and tissues resistant or sensitive to radiation than we did 20 years ago. Novel techniques in molecular biology have made a major contribution to our understanding at the level of signalling pathways. Before the "New Biology" era, radioresponsiveness was defined in terms of physiological parameters designated as the five Rs. These are: repair, re...

Radiation Toxins – Effects of Radiation Toxicity, Molecular Mechanisms of Action, Radiomimetic Properties and Possible Countermeasures for Radiation Injury

Acute Radiation Disease (ARD) or Acute Radiation Syndromes (ARS) are defined as the collective toxic clinical states observed from the acute pathological processes in various doses of irradiated mammals; to include: systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), toxic multiple organ injury (TMOI), toxic multiple organ dysfunction syndromes (TMODS), and finally, toxic multiple organ failure (TM...

Low toxicity radiation sensitizer